The Windows program Itranslator 99 cannot be run on a Macintosh computer, but it is possible to open the Devanagari output text files created by Itranslator 99 with Macintosh text programs (e.g. with TextEdit or AppleWorks), provided that the Itranslator 99 output files are marked up with Macintosh font versions of the Itranslator 99 Windows fonts. By availing themselves of Itranslator 99 output files, the Macintosh owners can obviate encoding Sanskrit texts directly in Devanagari, e.g. with the Mac system font "Devanagari MT".

Two special Macintosh font versions were made:

1. Modern Mac fonts (OTF fonts) with Windows-specific OpenType formats for OS X users. These fonts require special Mac word processors, e.g. Adobe InDesign for Macintosh, i.e. text programs that handle OTF fonts directly without recourse to the Mac OS X (because the Mac OS X cannot handle fonts with Windows-specific OpenType formats despite the warranty given by Apple Inc.)

2. Classic Mac fonts (PS and TTF fonts) for the "classic" codepage "Mac OS Roman". These backwards-compatible fonts can be used on almost any Mac, old or new.

Note: For any questions about Mac keyboards, Mac word processors, Mac font installation etc. please apply directly to Apple Inc.

Technical Notes:

The above non-featured Macintosh font versions of "Sanskrit 99" (OTF/PS/TTF) are required for the following reasons:

1. No featured Windows OpenType Devanagari font (e.g. Sanskrit 2003, Mangal, etc.) works on a Macintosh computer.
2. No featured Apple Advanced Typography Devanagari font (e.g. Devanagari MT, etc.) works on a Windows computer.
2. No featured OpenType Devanagari font (e.g. Sanskrit 2003, Devanagari MT, etc.) works with Adobe's InDesign CS.

Emphasis is on "Features" and/or on "Devanagari". Examples:

a) The Windows OpenType Devanagari font "Sanskrit 2003" contains Windows-specific VOLT features unknown to Macintosh font handlers, and the Macintosh OpenType Devanagari font "Devanagari MT" contains Macintosh-specific AAT features unknown to Windows font handlers. Therefore it is not possible to exchange word processor files between Windows and Macintosh, if these files are typeset with featured Devanagari fonts (emphasis is here on "featured").

b) Adobe InDesign CS (both for Windows and for Macintosh) can handle featured Latin OpenType fonts, e.g. "URW Palladio HOT", but it cannot handle featured Devanagari OpenType fonts, e.g. "Sanskrit 2003". Therefore it is not possible to exchange InDesign files between Windows and Macintosh, if these files are typeset with featured Devanagari fonts (emphasis is here on "Devanagari").

Exchanging Devanagari files between Windows and Macintosh and/or between Windows InDesign and Macintosh InDesign requires non-featured Devanagari font versions, e.g. "Sanskrit 99" (for Windows) and "Sanskrit 99mac" for Macintosh. However, Apple has changed its internal font routines repeatedly in recent years (OS X 10.2 "Jaguar", OS X 10.3 "Panther", etc.). Therefore we offer two font formats: "Sanskrit 99pso" and "Sanskrit 99mac". If "Sanskrit 99pso" does not work, use "Sanskrit 99mac".

Note: For any questions about Mac keyboards, Mac word processors, Mac font installation etc. please apply directly to Apple Inc.

Apple Inc. warrants in its "Fonts in Mac OS X" document (www.apple.com/macosx/pdf/Panther_Fonts_TB_10082003.pdf):

"There are Macintosh- and Windows-specific OpenType formats; Mac OS X supports both", and also:
"Mac OS X supports both Macintosh- and Windows-specific TrueType formats."

On the basis of this warranty, I made for users of the new Mac OS X (10.2 Jaguar + 10.3 Panther) special OTF (OpenType PostScript) versions of the Itranslator 99 Devanagari and transliteration fonts. For details please read the manual it99otf.pdf also including notes on "Itranslator 2003" Unicode output files and Mac OS X system font "Devanagari MT".

The OTF fonts "URW Palladio ITo" (4 styles) and "Sanskrit 99 pso" and test files are downloadable in one zip file as it99otf.zip.

The encoding of the Mac Devanagari font "Sanskrit 99 pso" is identical with the encoding of the Windows font "Sanskrit 99":

Note: For any questions about Mac keyboards, Mac word processors, Mac font installation etc. please apply directly to Apple Inc.

For those Mac users who do not believe in Apple's warranty "Mac OS X supports both" (see above), a "classic" Mac PostScript font "Sanskrit 99mac" was made on the basis of the Windows Devanagari PostScript font "Sanskrit 99 ps".

Furthermore a "classic" Mac TrueType font was made too, but Mac users are dissuaded to use it, because the TrueType version does not work with all Apple word processors, whereas the PostScript version seems to work will all text programs.

"Sanskrit 99mac" was successfully tested on a new OS X 10.2.6 Macintosh and an old OS 8.6 Macintosh.

For more technical details please download and study this concise technical manual sa99mac.pdf (160 KB).

For non-technicians these very large, but easy-to-understand illustrated user guides were written by Otto Sohn:

a) sa99mac1.pdf (1,5 MB) = InstallingFonts.pdf = step-by-step guide for the installation of the font "Sanskrit 99mac"
b) sa99mac2.pdf (1,5 MB) = OpenWithAppleWorks.pdf = guide for opening and formatting the Bhagavadgita with AppleWorks
c) sa99mac3.pdf (2,8 MB) = OpenWithTextEdit.pdf = guide for opening and formatting the Bhagavadgita with TextEdit

The Mac font "Sanskrit 99mac" uses internally the Macintosh Latin codepage "Mac OS Roman":

except that "dagger" (160) and "no-break space" (202) have to be swapped in the Itranslator output file:

The "classic" Mac fonts (PostScript font Sanskrit99MacPS.sit and TrueType font Sanskrit99MacTT.sit) and the entire Bhagavadgita as text file for Appleworks and TextEdit in "Sanskrit 99mac" encoding are downloadable in one zip file as sa99mac.zip.

Note: For any questions about Mac keyboards, Mac word processors, Mac font installation etc. please apply directly to Apple Inc.

In 1990, an encoding for Classical Sanskrit (CS) and Classical Sanskrit Extended (CSX) was devised by John Smith, Dominik Wujastyk and other Indologists. In 1998, this encoding was modified to Classical Sanskrit Extended Plus (CSX+). The CSX+ encoding is widely used by Indologists, e.g. for the electronic files of the BORI edition of the Mahabharata.

URW Palladio CSX+ comes in 4 styles (Roman, Italic, Bold and Bold Italic). It was uploaded in October 2005.

- The backwards-compatible TrueType version for the old Mac OS is downloadable as PaCSXmac.bin (450 KB).

- For downloading the new Windows versions (OpenType etc.), which also work with the new Mac OS, see here.

Note: For any questions about Mac keyboards, Mac word processors, Mac font installation etc. please apply directly to Apple Inc.